Pattern of dento-alveolar fracture in children

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Dento-alveolar fractures are a significant concern in pediatric dentistry, often resulting from falls, sports-related injuries, and motor vehicle accidents. Understanding their epidemiology, etiology, and treatment outcomes is crucial for improving preventive and therapeutic strategies.

METHODOLOGY: This retrospective study analyzed 185 pediatric patients (≤18 years) with dento-alveolar fractures. Data on demographic characteristics, etiology, fracture types, radiographic findings, and treatment modalities were evaluated using descriptive and inferential statistical analyses.

RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 10.4 ± 3.2 years, with a male predominance (68%). Falls (42%) were the most common cause of injury, followed by sports-related trauma (28%) and motor vehicle accidents (18%). Maxillary anterior teeth were the most frequently affected site (52%), particularly the central incisors (38%). Soft tissue injuries accompanied 74% of cases, with lacerations (55%) and gingival bleeding (45%) being the most frequent. Uncomplicated crown fractures (Ellis Class I: 48%; Ellis Class II: 32%) were most prevalent, while luxation injuries (20%) and avulsions (8%) were less common. Significant associations were found between gender and fracture type (p = 0.012), as well as between motor vehicle accidents and mandibular fractures (p < 0.001). Younger children (≤10 years) and sports-related injuries were independent predictors of treatment failure (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Pediatric dento-alveolar fractures predominantly affect young boys, with falls and sports injuries being the leading causes. The maxillary anterior region, particularly the central incisors, is the most vulnerable. Findings highlight the need for age-specific and gender-targeted preventive measures, including school-based safety programs and the promotion of protective gear in contact sports.